Earth Structure
An Introduction to Structural Geology and Tectonics
Ben van der Pluijm and Stephen Marshak
WW Norton & Company
Second Edition, 2004
ISBN 0-393-92467-X
(images from EarthStructure 2)
Information
WW Norton & Company
To receive an examination copy of Earth Strucutre, send
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Jack Repcheck, editor
jrepcheck@wwnorton.com
fax: 212-869-0856
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About the Authors
Ben A. van der Pluijm is Bruce R. Clark Collegiate Professor of Geology and Professor of the Environment at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He is (co-)author of more than 140 research articles and editor/board member of several international journals. His research focuses on fault rocks and processes, crustal architecture of collisional belts, intraplate deformation, microstructures and textures, and geochronology, with main field areas in North America, South America and Europe. In addition to teaching undergraduate and graduate courses in Geological Sciences and Program in the Environment, he directs U-M's interdisciplinary Global Change Program and is involved in various technology-supported educational initiatives.
vdpluijm@umich.edu
Stephen Marshak is Professor of Geology and Director of the School of Earth Society and Environment at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University, an M.S. from the University of Arizona, and a B.A. from Cornell University. He has served as Chair of the Division of Structural Geology and Tectonics of the Geological Society of America. He has written numerous research articles on topics in structural geology and tectonics, and has authored or co-authored three other books: Basic Methods of Structural Geology; Earth: Potrait of a Planet; and Essentials of Geology.
smarshak@illinois.edu
Contents
Preface
PART A FUNDAMENTALS
Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Primary and Nontectonic Structures
Chapter 3 Force and Stress
Chapter 4 Deformation and Strain
Chapter 5 Rheology
PART B BRITTLE STRUCTURES
Chapter 6 Brittle Deformation
Chapter 7 Joints and Veins
Chapter 8 Faults and Faulting
PART C DUCTILE STRUCTURES
Chapter 9 Ductile Deformation Processes
Chapter 10 Folds and Folding
Chapter 11 Fabrics: Foliations and Lineations
Chapter 12 Ductile Shear Zones, Textures, and Transposition
Chapter 13 Deformation, Metamorphism, and Time
PART D TECTONICS
Chapter 14 Whole-Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics
Chapter 15 Geophysical Imaging of the Continental Lithosphere—An Essay by Frederick A. Cook
Chapter 16 Rifting, Seafloor Spreading, and Extensional Tectonics
Chapter 17 Convergence and Collision
Chapter 18 Fold-Thrust Belts—An Essay by Stephen Marshak and M. Scott Wilkerson
Chapter 19 Strike-Slip Tectonics
PART E REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES
Chapter 20 A Global View
Chapter 21 Eastern Hemisphere
Chapter 22 Western Hemisphere
Appendix 1 Spherical Projections
Appendix 2 Geologic Timescale
Credits
Index
Corrections
Minor corrections were made after the first print run of the second edition. The corrections page only addresses subsequent print runs:
Media
Figures
Figures from the book are available to adopters from the online Norton Resource Library
Photos
Most photos are available on the Earth Structure Web Album. The images are copyrighted, and can only be used for educational, non-profit purposes. A rotating diplay of the images is at the top of this page.
PowerPoints
PDFs of powerpoint slides for Chapters (and subchapters) are linked below. PowerPoint originals (incl notes/figure captions) are available on request to instructors who use the textbook, based on WW Norton's adopter records; contact Ben van der Pluijm.
Dropbox: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/uz5bid5c4a6rk4d/k1_pLR91bC
| Chapter | Powerpoint | Other/Comments |
| 1. Overview | 1_Introduction_general.pdf | |
| 2. Primary Structures | 2_PrimaryStructures.pdf | |
| 3. Force and Stress | 3_ForceStress.pdf | |
| 4. Deformation and Strain | 4_DeformationStrain.pdf | |
| 5. Rheology | 5_Rheology.pdf | |
| 6. Brittle Deformation | 6_BrittleDeformation.pdf | see also Faults and Faulting |
| 7. Joints and Veins | 7_JointsVeins.pdf | |
| 8. Faults and Faulting | see also Brittle Deformation | |
| 9. Ductile Deformation and Microstructures | 9_DuctileDeformation.pdf | see also Folds and Folding |
| 10. Folds and Folding | 10_FoldsFolding.pdf 10_FoldsFoldingMechanisms.pdf |
see also Ductile Deformation |
| 11. Foliations and Lineations | 11_FoliationsLineations.pdf | |
| 12. Ductile Shear Zones | 12_DuctileShearZones.pdf | |
| 13. Deformation, Metamorphism and Time | ||
| 14. Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics | 14_EarthStructurePlateTectonics.pdf | |
| 15. Geophysical Imaging of the Continental Lithosphere | ||
| 16. Extension Tectonics | 16_ExtensionTectonics.pdf | |
| 17. Contraction Tectonics | 17_ContractionTectonics.pdf | |
| 18. Fold-Thrust Belts | 18_FoldThrustBelts.pdf | |
| 19. Strike-Slip Tectonics | 19_StrikeSlipTectonics.pdf | |
| 20. Global View, and a North American Perspective | 20_GlobalViewI.pdf 20_GlobalViewII.pdf |
|
| 21. Eastern Hemisphere | ||
| 22. Western Hemisphere | ||
Links and more ....
Old ES2 website: http://globalchange.umich.edu/ben/ES/earthstructure.htm
Animations
The files below represent a variety of formats, from animated GIFs to .mov. Some files are large and browser add-ins may be required.
Stress/Strain
- Coaxial strain - lines (Rod Holcombe)
- Coaxial strain - particle paths (Rod Holcombe)
- Non-coaxial strain - lines (Rod Holcombe)
- Non-coaxial strain - random ellipses (Rod Holcombe)
- Antitaxial vein and Syntaxial vein (Paul Bons and Mark Jessell)
- Edge, Screw and Mixed dislocation glide (John Russ)
- Burgers vector in Edge dislocation and Screw dislocation (John Russ)
- Fabric development (simulated) in quartz at low Th, representative of a single glide system,and medium Th, representative of multiple glide systems (Mark Jessell and Paul Bons)
- Fracture and frictional flow in OCP (Win Means)
- Porphyroclasts (Coen ten Brink)
- Recrystallization-static in OCP (Win Means)
- Recrystallization-dynamic in OCP (Win Means)
- Stylolites (Mark Jessell and Paul Bons)
- Fault-bend fold (Rick Allmendinger)
- Duplex (Rick Allmendinger)
- Planes and Lines in stereographic projection (John Waldron)
- Plate motion since 750 Ma (Berkeley Museum of Paleontology using Chris Scotese's maps)
Interactive and Image Sites
- Visualizing Stress and Strain - Nathaniel E. Reish and Dr. Gary H. Girty (SDSU)
- Keck slide set of structural geology (hosted by UBC)
- Sedimentary rocks (Union College)
- Metamorphic rocks (Union College)
- Image Gallery (photos of geologic features and concepts; University of British Columbia)
- Interactive Geologic Time Scale (Berkeley Museum of Paleontology)
- Deformation Microstructures (Jessell/Bons/Rey at Monash University)
- Deformation microstructures of rocks (Tullis/Teyssier/Stünitz at Minnesota); small images and descriptions of microstructures in experimentally deformed rocks.
- Microstructures of (deformed) metamorphic rocks (Allen Glazner at UNC)
- Atlas of Structural Geophysics (Mark Jessell at Monash University); examples of the relationship between three-dimensional structure and potential-field response.
- Periodic table of the elements
- Table of the Nuclides
- Visualizations in Materials Science (ViMS by John Russ)
- Visualizing Stress and Strain (Reish and Girty at SDSU); also downloadable versions.
Virtual Structure/Tectonics Trips
- Cajon Pass (Joshua Meyers)
- Grand Canyon (QTVR image; Digital West)
- Grand Teton (Winona State University)
- Hayward Fault, California (Sue Ellen Hirschfeld)
- Hartford (Triassic) Rift Basin, Connecticut (Colby College)
- Harz Mountains, Germany (in German)
- Moine Thrust, Caledonides of NW Scotland (Rob Butler)
- Nanga Parbat, W Himalayas (Rob Butler)
- Oman Ophiolite (Paul Browning)
- French Alps/Helvetides (Rob Butler)
- San Andreas Fault, California (Joe Dellinger)
- Tetons National park, Wyoming
- Things to see as a geologist (Terry Acomb)
Organizations and Societies
- American Association of Petroleum Geologists (Geobyte)
- American Geological Institute
- American Geophysical Union and Tectonophysics Section
- American Rock Mechanics Association (RockNet)
- Australian Geodynamics Cooperative Research Center
- Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists
- Canadian Tectonics Group
- Geological Association of Canada
- Geological Survey of Canada
- Geological Society of America
- International Association of Structural/Tectonic Geologists
- National Science Foundation
- Seismological Society of America
- Tectonic Studies Group (UK)
- United States Geological Survey
- Yahoo's Geology and Geophysics directory
More Links
- WebElements links to Geological information
- Vitual Geoscience Library
- Igneous, Sedimentary & Metamorphic Rock Info
- Image Gallery - images of geologic features and concepts
- Minerals by Name
- National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA)
- Structural Geology and Tectonics Division (GSA) - S/T info and link to sites
- Structural geology on the Web
- Structural geology courses on the Web
Disclaimer. The text and illustrations on this and linked EarthStructure pages are strictly for educational purposes. All opinions expressed are the responsibility of the authors and do not represent those of publisher nor the home institutions of the authors.
Copyright. This page and its links contain copyrighted material. Reproduction in any form requires permission from the original copyright holders, the authors and/or the publishers.
Ben van der Pluijm © 2010